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Консультация № 105615
16.10.2007, 09:24
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Помогите решить задание:
Составьте электронные формулы атомов кальция и цинка.У какого из этих атомов сильнее выражены металлические свойства.Ответ мотивируйте.
Составьте электронные формулы атомов кальция и цинка.У какого из этих атомов сильнее выражены металлические свойства.Ответ мотивируйте.
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
16.10.2007, 19:45
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Aleksmariupol!
Электронные конфигурации
Са 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Zn 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Металлические свойства кальция выражены сильнее.
Причина -- кол-во электронных слоев -- одно и тоже -- 4
При заполнении d-орбиталей электронами, растет и заряд ядра, а кол-во электронных слоев сохраняется => происходит уменьшение радиуса и увеличивается связь внешних электронов с ядром (не смотря на растущее экранирование ядра). А так как внешние электроны цинка сильнее притягиваются к ядру, то и потенциал ионизации для цинка будет больше, а => металлические и восстановительные свойства выражены слабее, чем у кальция.
Все это можно подтвердить табличными данными.
Электронные конфигурации
Са 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Zn 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Металлические свойства кальция выражены сильнее.
Причина -- кол-во электронных слоев -- одно и тоже -- 4
При заполнении d-орбиталей электронами, растет и заряд ядра, а кол-во электронных слоев сохраняется => происходит уменьшение радиуса и увеличивается связь внешних электронов с ядром (не смотря на растущее экранирование ядра). А так как внешние электроны цинка сильнее притягиваются к ядру, то и потенциал ионизации для цинка будет больше, а => металлические и восстановительные свойства выражены слабее, чем у кальция.
Все это можно подтвердить табличными данными.
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