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Здравствуйте, Arkalis! 1. реакция между цинком и концентрированной серной кислотой: сульфат-ион окислитель восстанавливается до диоксида серы, металлический цинк восстановитель окисляется до иона цинка с зарядом 2+ SO42- + 4H+ + 2e = SO2 + 2H2O Zn –2e = Zn2+ Суммарное уравнение: Zn + H2SO4(конц) = SO2 + 2H2O + ZnSO4 2. хлорид железа двухвалентного взаимодействует с азотной кислотой в присутствии соляной кислоты: нитрат ион окислитель восстанавливается до оксида азота(II); катион железа 2+ восстановитель окисляется до катиона железа 3+ NO3- + 4H+ + 3e = NO + 2H2O Fe2+ -1e = Fe3+ Чтобы число принятых и отданных электронов было равным, помножаем второе уравнение на 3, суммарно получаем 3FeCl2 + HNO3 + 3HCl = NO + 2H2O + 3FeCl3 3. реакция взаимодействия гидроксида хрома с бромом в щелочной среде – бром окислитель восстанавливается до бромид иона, хром (III) восстановитель окисляется до хромат иона Br2 + 2e = 2Br- Cr3+ + 8OH- -3e = CrO42- + 8H2O Чтобы число принятых и отданных электронов было равным, помножаем первое уравнение на 3, а второе уравнение на 2, суммарно получаем 2Cr(OH)3 + 3 Br2 + 6KOH = 2 K2CrO4 + 6KBr + 8H2O 4. реакция разложения нитрата свинца относится к внутримолекулярным реакциям окисления-восстановления, азот в степени окисления +5 окислитель - восстанавливается до степени окисления +4, кислород в степени окисления –2 восстановитель - окисляется до степени окисления 0 N+5 + 1e = N+4 2O-2 – 4e = O2 Чтобы число принятых и отданных электронов было равным, помножаем первое уравнение на 4, суммарно получаем 2Pb(NO3)2 = 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
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17.12.2009, 22:59
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это ответ
Здравствуйте, Arkalis. 1) Zn+2H2SO4(конц.)=ZnSO4+SO2[$8593$]+2H2O Zn0 - 2e --> Zn+2 --коэф 1 S+6 + 2e --> S+4 --коэф 1 Подсчет атомов в уравнении реакции: Zn -- 1 (слева)--> 1 (справа) Н -- 2[$149$]2=4 (слева)--> 2[$149$]2=4 (справа) S -- 2 (слева) --> 2 (справа) O -- 2[$149$]4=8 (слева) --> 4+2+2=8 (справа) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Реакция с царской водкой 2) 3 FeCl2 + 3 HCl + HNO3 = 3 FeCl3[$8595$] + NO[$8593$] + 2 H2O
Подсчет атомов в уравнении реакции: Fe -- 3 (слева)--> 3 (справа) N -- 1(слева)--> 1+2=3 (справа) H -- 3+1=4(слева)--> 2[$149$]2=4 (справа) Cl -- 3[$149$]2+3=9 (слева)--> 3[$149$]3=9 (справа) O -- 3 (слева)--> 3 (справа)
Царская водка, смесь концентрированных кислот — соляной HCI и азотной HNO3 (3: 1 по объёму). Жидкость жёлтого цвета, пахнущая хлором и окислами азота. Обладает сильной окислительной способностью, обусловленной выделением хлора в результате реакций:
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