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Консультация № 158857
26.01.2009, 22:19
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Уважаемые эксперты, надеюсь на вашу помощь в решении следующих задач:
1. К 100 л жесткой воды прибавили 12,95 г гидроксида кальция. Насколько понизилась карбонатная жесткость?
2. Составьте уравнения реакций, которые нужно провести для очуществления следующих превращений:
Al → Al2(SO4)3 → Na[Al(OH)4] → Al(NO3)3
3. Для получения хлора в лаборатории смешивают оксид марганца (IV) с хлоридом натрия в присутствии концентрированной серной кислоты. Составьте электронные и молекулярное уравнение этой реакции.
Заранее благодарю!
1. К 100 л жесткой воды прибавили 12,95 г гидроксида кальция. Насколько понизилась карбонатная жесткость?
2. Составьте уравнения реакций, которые нужно провести для очуществления следующих превращений:
Al → Al2(SO4)3 → Na[Al(OH)4] → Al(NO3)3
3. Для получения хлора в лаборатории смешивают оксид марганца (IV) с хлоридом натрия в присутствии концентрированной серной кислоты. Составьте электронные и молекулярное уравнение этой реакции.
Заранее благодарю!
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
26.01.2009, 22:46
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Орехов Роман Александрович!
1. Поскольку исходная жесткость воды не указана, считаем, что она "очень большая". Жесткость воды обусловлена наличием в ней гидрокарбонатов кальция и магния. При добавлении к такой воде гидроксида кальция происходит реакция:
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = 2CaCO3[$8595$] + 2H2O
Найдем количество добавленного к воде гидроксида кальция.
M = 74 г/моль.
n = 12.95 г / 74 г/моль = 0.175 моль = 175 ммоль.
Жесткость воды уменьшится на 175 ммоль / 100 л = 1.75 ммоль/л.
2. Al плохо реагирует с H2SO4 - пассивируется, но лучше - с CuSO4 в подкисленном водном растворе(сам проверял - отлично реакция проходит):
2Al + 3CuSO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 2Cu[$8595$]
Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3Na2SO4
Na[Al(OH)4] + 4HNO3 = NaNO3 + Al(NO3)3 + 4H2O
3. MnO2 + 2NaCl + 2H2SO4 = MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O + Cl2[$8593$]
MnO2 + 2Cl- + 4H+ = Mn2+ + Cl2[$8593$] + 2H2O
С уважением, Товарищ Бородин
1. Поскольку исходная жесткость воды не указана, считаем, что она "очень большая". Жесткость воды обусловлена наличием в ней гидрокарбонатов кальция и магния. При добавлении к такой воде гидроксида кальция происходит реакция:
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = 2CaCO3[$8595$] + 2H2O
Найдем количество добавленного к воде гидроксида кальция.
M = 74 г/моль.
n = 12.95 г / 74 г/моль = 0.175 моль = 175 ммоль.
Жесткость воды уменьшится на 175 ммоль / 100 л = 1.75 ммоль/л.
2. Al плохо реагирует с H2SO4 - пассивируется, но лучше - с CuSO4 в подкисленном водном растворе(сам проверял - отлично реакция проходит):
2Al + 3CuSO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 2Cu[$8595$]
Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3Na2SO4
Na[Al(OH)4] + 4HNO3 = NaNO3 + Al(NO3)3 + 4H2O
3. MnO2 + 2NaCl + 2H2SO4 = MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O + Cl2[$8593$]
MnO2 + 2Cl- + 4H+ = Mn2+ + Cl2[$8593$] + 2H2O
С уважением, Товарищ Бородин
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