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Консультация № 109721
16.11.2007, 16:59
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Уважаемые знатоки памагите!При нормальных условиях длина свободного пробега (l) молекулы водорода равна 0,160 мкм.Определить диаметр d молекулы водорода.
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
18.11.2007, 09:52
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Карачев Сергей Александрович!
При нормальных условиях один млоь идеального газа занимает 22,4 литра, т.е. на одну молекулу приходится объём 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/N<sub>A</sub> = 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/6,02*10<sup>23</sup> м<sup>3</sup>.
В среднем молекула успевает пролететь до столкновения такое расстояние (длина свободного пробега), что она заметает объём равный только что вычисленному обхёму приходящемуся на одну молекулу.
При дальнейшем движении она как бы внедряется уже в пространство другой молекулы.
На самом деле, в при Максвелловском распределении приходится учитывать, то что молекулы двигаются с разными скоростями и потому, на самом деле длина свободного пробега в √2 раз меньше этого объёма.
Я не знаю Вашего уровня и, скорее всего, если Вы учитесь в школе, а не в институте, то Вы можете забыть про эту поправку.
Заметаемый объём равен объёму цилиндра: π*(d/2)<sup>2</sup>*l = 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/N<sub>A</sub>
d = 2*√(22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/(π*N<sub>A</sub>*l))
Не забудьте, что l = 0,16*10<sup>-6</sup>
При нормальных условиях один млоь идеального газа занимает 22,4 литра, т.е. на одну молекулу приходится объём 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/N<sub>A</sub> = 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/6,02*10<sup>23</sup> м<sup>3</sup>.
В среднем молекула успевает пролететь до столкновения такое расстояние (длина свободного пробега), что она заметает объём равный только что вычисленному обхёму приходящемуся на одну молекулу.
При дальнейшем движении она как бы внедряется уже в пространство другой молекулы.
На самом деле, в при Максвелловском распределении приходится учитывать, то что молекулы двигаются с разными скоростями и потому, на самом деле длина свободного пробега в √2 раз меньше этого объёма.
Я не знаю Вашего уровня и, скорее всего, если Вы учитесь в школе, а не в институте, то Вы можете забыть про эту поправку.
Заметаемый объём равен объёму цилиндра: π*(d/2)<sup>2</sup>*l = 22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/N<sub>A</sub>
d = 2*√(22,4*10<sup>-3</sup>/(π*N<sub>A</sub>*l))
Не забудьте, что l = 0,16*10<sup>-6</sup>
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