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Консультация № 200016
29.12.2020, 17:53
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Здравствуйте, уважаемые эксперты! Прошу вас ответить на следующий вопрос: В калориметр, в котором находится вода массой m1=1 кг при температуре t1=20 ∘C, опускают кусок льда такой же массы, взятый при температуре t2=−10 ∘C, и впускают m2=100 г пара при температуре t3=100 ∘C. Удельная теплоёмкость воды cв=4200 Дж/(кг⋅∘C), удельная теплоёмкость льда cл=2100 Дж/(кг⋅∘C), удельная теплота плавления льда λ=330 кДж/кг, удельная теплота парообразования воды L=2,3 МДж/кг.
1.Определите установившуюся температуру. Ответ дайте в ∘С, округлив до десятых. Теплопотерями и теплоёмкостью калориметра можно пренебречь.
2.Определите массу воды в калориметре при установившейся температуре. Ответ дайте в кг, округлив до десятых.
1.Определите установившуюся температуру. Ответ дайте в ∘С, округлив до десятых. Теплопотерями и теплоёмкостью калориметра можно пренебречь.
2.Определите массу воды в калориметре при установившейся температуре. Ответ дайте в кг, округлив до десятых.
Обсуждение
05.01.2021, 16:09
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, kuznetsova.79!
При конденсации m[sub]2[/sub] = 100 г = 0.1 кг пара и дальнейшем охлаждении образовавшейся воды от t[sub]3[/sub] = 100[$176$]C до t[sub]1[/sub] = 20[$176$]C выделится m[sub]2[/sub]([$923$]+(t[sub]3[/sub]-t[sub]1[/sub])c[sub]В[/sub]) = 0.1(2300000+80[$183$]4200) = 263600 Дж. При дальнейшем охлаждении m[sub]12[/sub] = m[sub]1[/sub]+m[sub]2[/sub] = 1.1 кг воды до 0[$176$]C выделится ещё m[sub]12[/sub](t[sub]1[/sub]-0)c[sub]В[/sub] = 1.1[$183$]20[$183$]4200 = 92400 Дж, то есть в общей сложности 263600 + 92400 = 356000 Дж.
С другой стороны, на нагревание m[sub]1[/sub] = 1 кг льда от t[sub]2[/sub] = -10[$176$]C до 0[$176$]C и последующее его плавление потребуется (c[sub]Л[/sub](0-t[sub]2[/sub])+[$955$])m[sub]1[/sub] = (2100[$183$]10+330000)[$183$]1 = 351000 Дж. Оставшиеся 356000 - 351000 = 5000 Дж израсходуются на нагревание m = m[sub]12[/sub] + m[sub]1[/sub] = 1.1 + 1 = 2.1 кг воды от 0[$176$]C до температуры 5000/mc[sub]В[/sub] = 5000/2.1[$183$]4200 [$8776$] 0.6[$176$]C.
При конденсации m[sub]2[/sub] = 100 г = 0.1 кг пара и дальнейшем охлаждении образовавшейся воды от t[sub]3[/sub] = 100[$176$]C до t[sub]1[/sub] = 20[$176$]C выделится m[sub]2[/sub]([$923$]+(t[sub]3[/sub]-t[sub]1[/sub])c[sub]В[/sub]) = 0.1(2300000+80[$183$]4200) = 263600 Дж. При дальнейшем охлаждении m[sub]12[/sub] = m[sub]1[/sub]+m[sub]2[/sub] = 1.1 кг воды до 0[$176$]C выделится ещё m[sub]12[/sub](t[sub]1[/sub]-0)c[sub]В[/sub] = 1.1[$183$]20[$183$]4200 = 92400 Дж, то есть в общей сложности 263600 + 92400 = 356000 Дж.
С другой стороны, на нагревание m[sub]1[/sub] = 1 кг льда от t[sub]2[/sub] = -10[$176$]C до 0[$176$]C и последующее его плавление потребуется (c[sub]Л[/sub](0-t[sub]2[/sub])+[$955$])m[sub]1[/sub] = (2100[$183$]10+330000)[$183$]1 = 351000 Дж. Оставшиеся 356000 - 351000 = 5000 Дж израсходуются на нагревание m = m[sub]12[/sub] + m[sub]1[/sub] = 1.1 + 1 = 2.1 кг воды от 0[$176$]C до температуры 5000/mc[sub]В[/sub] = 5000/2.1[$183$]4200 [$8776$] 0.6[$176$]C.
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