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Консультация № 108026
04.11.2007, 21:55
0.00 руб.
0
1
1
Помогите решить задачки:
1. К 500 мл 32%-ной (по массе) HNO3 (р=1,20 г/мл)
прибавили 1 л воды. Чему равна массовая доля HNO3
в полученном растворе?
2. Водно-спиртовой раствор, содержащий 15% спирта
(р=0,07 г/мл), кристализируется при 10,26 гр.Ц.
Найти молекулярную массу спирта и осматическое
давление раствора при 293 К.
1. К 500 мл 32%-ной (по массе) HNO3 (р=1,20 г/мл)
прибавили 1 л воды. Чему равна массовая доля HNO3
в полученном растворе?
2. Водно-спиртовой раствор, содержащий 15% спирта
(р=0,07 г/мл), кристализируется при 10,26 гр.Ц.
Найти молекулярную массу спирта и осматическое
давление раствора при 293 К.
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
04.11.2007, 22:57
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Юрий Евгеньевич!
1)
Найдем массу исходного р-ра m(р-ра1)=500мл*1,2 г/ мл = 600 г
Найде массу кислоты m(HNO3)=600г * 32%/100%=600г*0,32=192г
Добавляя воду мы не увеличиваем массу в-ва(HNO3)
Масса конечного р-ра = 600 г + (1000 мл * 1г/мл) = 1600г
Тогда массовая доля HNO3 = 192г/1600 г *100% = 12%
2)
dt=K*B (Для р-ров с такой концентрацией эта формула дает приблизительный результат так как такой р-р трудно назвать разбавленным)
K=1.86 (для воды)
B - моляльность = ню(в-ва) / m (р-рителя)
Возьмем 1 л р-ра его масса 1.07г/мл *1000мл =1070г
масса спирта = 160.5 г (1070*0,15)
масса воды =909,5г = 0,9095 кг
B=dt/K = 10.26/1.86=5.516 моль/кг (р-р кристаллизуется при -10,26)
ню(спирта)=5,516 моль/кг *0,9095 кг = 5,0169 моль
Найдем молярную массу
М(спирта)=160.5 г / 5,0169 моль = 32
Общая формула для предельного спирта СnH2n+1OH
M=12n+(2n+1)+17 =32 n=1
Спирт СН3ОН
Осматическое давление
p=CRT
в 1 литре р-ра 5,0169 моль спирта
С=5,0169 моль/л = 5016,9 моль/м3
К=8,314 Дж/моль/К
Т=293
p=5016.9*8.314*293=12 221 118Па
1)
Найдем массу исходного р-ра m(р-ра1)=500мл*1,2 г/ мл = 600 г
Найде массу кислоты m(HNO3)=600г * 32%/100%=600г*0,32=192г
Добавляя воду мы не увеличиваем массу в-ва(HNO3)
Масса конечного р-ра = 600 г + (1000 мл * 1г/мл) = 1600г
Тогда массовая доля HNO3 = 192г/1600 г *100% = 12%
2)
dt=K*B (Для р-ров с такой концентрацией эта формула дает приблизительный результат так как такой р-р трудно назвать разбавленным)
K=1.86 (для воды)
B - моляльность = ню(в-ва) / m (р-рителя)
Возьмем 1 л р-ра его масса 1.07г/мл *1000мл =1070г
масса спирта = 160.5 г (1070*0,15)
масса воды =909,5г = 0,9095 кг
B=dt/K = 10.26/1.86=5.516 моль/кг (р-р кристаллизуется при -10,26)
ню(спирта)=5,516 моль/кг *0,9095 кг = 5,0169 моль
Найдем молярную массу
М(спирта)=160.5 г / 5,0169 моль = 32
Общая формула для предельного спирта СnH2n+1OH
M=12n+(2n+1)+17 =32 n=1
Спирт СН3ОН
Осматическое давление
p=CRT
в 1 литре р-ра 5,0169 моль спирта
С=5,0169 моль/л = 5016,9 моль/м3
К=8,314 Дж/моль/К
Т=293
p=5016.9*8.314*293=12 221 118Па
Форма ответа
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