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Консультация № 195521
05.05.2019, 21:44
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Здравствуйте! Прошу помощи в следующем вопросе:
Проводка от магистрали в здании осуществлена проводом, сопротивление которого 1 Ом. Напряжение в магистрали постоянно и равно 127 В. Какова максимально допустимая потребляемая в здании мощность, если напряжение на включённых в сеть приборах не должно падать ниже 120 В?
Проводка от магистрали в здании осуществлена проводом, сопротивление которого 1 Ом. Напряжение в магистрали постоянно и равно 127 В. Какова максимально допустимая потребляемая в здании мощность, если напряжение на включённых в сеть приборах не должно падать ниже 120 В?
Обсуждение
07.05.2019, 16:07
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, mustang289!
Вашу задачу можно легко понять и решить, если представить эквивалентную схему замещения Ваших объектов. Эта схема содержит всего 3 компонета, соединённых последовательно : Идеальный источник переменного напряжения E = 127 В , резистор Rл = 1 Ом как эквивалент ЛЭП (Линия Электро-Передачи, Проводка от магистрали) и неизвестный резистор нагрузки Rн , потребляющий мощность всех приборов в здании.
Не всё напряжение магистрали E достигает приборов (Rн), потому что часть напряжения теряется в ЛЭП (нагревает провода Rл) . Чем больше ток, тем больше потери в ЛЭП, и всё мЕньший остаток напряжения достаётся приборам.
При каком-то максимально-допустимом токе Iм напряжение нагрузки (на приборах) уменьшается до значения Uм = 120 Вольт (согласно условию задачи). Вычисляем падение напряжения на ЛЭП как разницу
Uл = E - Uм = 127 - 120 = 7 Вольт.
По закону Ома получаем максимально-допустимый ток
Iм = Uл / Rл = 7 / 1 = 7 Ампер.
Искомая максимально допустимая потребляемая в здании мощность равна
Pм = Iм·Uм = 7·120 = 840 Вт.
Pп = Iм·Uл = 7·7 = 49 Вт потерь улетучилось в атмосферу.
Вашу задачу можно легко понять и решить, если представить эквивалентную схему замещения Ваших объектов. Эта схема содержит всего 3 компонета, соединённых последовательно : Идеальный источник переменного напряжения E = 127 В , резистор Rл = 1 Ом как эквивалент ЛЭП (Линия Электро-Передачи, Проводка от магистрали) и неизвестный резистор нагрузки Rн , потребляющий мощность всех приборов в здании.
Не всё напряжение магистрали E достигает приборов (Rн), потому что часть напряжения теряется в ЛЭП (нагревает провода Rл) . Чем больше ток, тем больше потери в ЛЭП, и всё мЕньший остаток напряжения достаётся приборам.
При каком-то максимально-допустимом токе Iм напряжение нагрузки (на приборах) уменьшается до значения Uм = 120 Вольт (согласно условию задачи). Вычисляем падение напряжения на ЛЭП как разницу
Uл = E - Uм = 127 - 120 = 7 Вольт.
По закону Ома получаем максимально-допустимый ток
Iм = Uл / Rл = 7 / 1 = 7 Ампер.
Искомая максимально допустимая потребляемая в здании мощность равна
Pм = Iм·Uм = 7·120 = 840 Вт.
Pп = Iм·Uл = 7·7 = 49 Вт потерь улетучилось в атмосферу.
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