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Здравствуйте! У меня возникли сложности с таким вопросом:
1) Объясните природу возникновения разности потенциалов между двумя точками тела человека? 2) Изобразите (с помощью силовых линий) мгновенное распределение электрического поля сердца человека?
Причина наличия разности потенциалов в живых системах кроется в существовании определённых физико-химических градиентов между отдельными тканями, между клеточным содержимым и окружающей клетку жидкостью.
Различают окислительно-восстановительные потенциалы, возникающие вследствие переноса электронов от одной молекулы к другой. Существуют и мембранные потенциалы, которые возникают вследствие градиента концентрации ионов и переноса их через мембрану, причём один из растворов содержит ионы, или плохо пропускаемые мембраной, или совсем ей не пропускаемые. Биопотенциалы, регистрируемые в организме, – это, в основном, мембранные. Они доступны для измерения и используются в диагностических целях. Мембранный потенциал обусловлен диффузией, однако, диффузией не в свободном пространстве, а через мембрану, когда различия в подвижности анионов и катионов могут значительно увеличиваться. Мембранным потенциалом называется разность потенциалов между внутренней (цитоплазматической) и наружной поверхностью мембраны:
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