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Консультация № 193085
13.04.2018, 15:50
0.00 руб.
0
1
1
Здравствуйте! Прошу помощи в следующих вопросах :1) Работа есть мера изменения энергии .В процессе падения тела Землю сила тяжести совершает работу , однако , полная энергия тела сохраняется . , происходит лишь превращение потенциально энергии в кинетическую. Нет ли здесь противоречия?2) Под каким углом разлетятся 2 шарика равной массы после нецентрального упругого удара , если один из них до удара покоился?
Обсуждение
14.04.2018, 00:52
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, rumina.bustekeeva!
1) Во-первых, не забываем о законе сохранения энергии: чтобы сила совершила работу, эта энергия должна откуда-то взяться (полная энергия изолированной системы неизменна!), а при совершении работы против силы эта энергия должна быть во что-то преобразована. Потенциальная энергия - это как раз такая форма запасания энергии, для которой выполняются некоторые условия - процесс обратим, а работа не зависит от пути процесса.
Так что сила тяжести совершает работу и увеличивает кинетическую энергию падающего тела, расходуя на это потенциальную энергию
И, кстати, в случае потенциальной энергии взаимодействия (включая гравитационное взаимодействие), это скорее не потенциальная энергия конкретного тела, а потенциальная энергия системы тел (Земля + тело).
2)
Сохранение импульса: mv0[$8594$]+0=mv1[$8594$]+mv2[$8594$]
Сохранение энергии при упругом ударе: mv02/2+0=mv12/2+mv22/2
v0[$8594$]=v1[$8594$]+v2[$8594$]
v02=v12+v22
Подставляем:
(v1[$8594$]+v2[$8594$])2=v12+v22
v12+v22+2v1[$8594$]v2[$8594$]=v12+v22
v1[$8594$]v2[$8594$]=0
Скалярное произведение векторов равно нулю, если они перпендикулярны - то есть угол равен 90[$176$]
1) Во-первых, не забываем о законе сохранения энергии: чтобы сила совершила работу, эта энергия должна откуда-то взяться (полная энергия изолированной системы неизменна!), а при совершении работы против силы эта энергия должна быть во что-то преобразована. Потенциальная энергия - это как раз такая форма запасания энергии, для которой выполняются некоторые условия - процесс обратим, а работа не зависит от пути процесса.
Так что сила тяжести совершает работу и увеличивает кинетическую энергию падающего тела, расходуя на это потенциальную энергию
И, кстати, в случае потенциальной энергии взаимодействия (включая гравитационное взаимодействие), это скорее не потенциальная энергия конкретного тела, а потенциальная энергия системы тел (Земля + тело).
2)
Сохранение импульса: mv0[$8594$]+0=mv1[$8594$]+mv2[$8594$]
Сохранение энергии при упругом ударе: mv02/2+0=mv12/2+mv22/2
v0[$8594$]=v1[$8594$]+v2[$8594$]
v02=v12+v22
Подставляем:
(v1[$8594$]+v2[$8594$])2=v12+v22
v12+v22+2v1[$8594$]v2[$8594$]=v12+v22
v1[$8594$]v2[$8594$]=0
Скалярное произведение векторов равно нулю, если они перпендикулярны - то есть угол равен 90[$176$]
5
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