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Консультация № 181646
27.12.2010, 16:57
50.00 руб.
0
1
1
Здравствуйте, уважаемые эксперты! Прошу Вас ответить на следующий вопрос:
Опишите поведение в воде соли Pb(NO3)2 и рассмотрите равновесие в ее растворе при добавлении следующих веществ: а) KOH, б) HCl, в) NaNO2. Дайте мотивированный ответ на вопрос: в каких случаях гидролиз нитрата свинца усиливается? Составьте ионно-молекулярные и молекулярные уравнения гидролиза соответствующих солей и укажите pH их раствора.
Опишите поведение в воде соли Pb(NO3)2 и рассмотрите равновесие в ее растворе при добавлении следующих веществ: а) KOH, б) HCl, в) NaNO2. Дайте мотивированный ответ на вопрос: в каких случаях гидролиз нитрата свинца усиливается? Составьте ионно-молекулярные и молекулярные уравнения гидролиза соответствующих солей и укажите pH их раствора.
Обсуждение
27.12.2010, 23:20
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Botsman!
Pb(NO3)2 [$8594$] Pb2+ + 2NO3-
Соль частично гидролизуется по катиону, в основном протекает первая ступень гидролиза:
Pb(NO3)2 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + HNO3
Pb2+ + H2O [$8660$] PbOH+ + H+ (pKa=6.48)
Гидролиз по второй ступени практически не происходит
Pb(OH)NO3 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + HNO3
PbOH+ + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + H+ (pKa=10.98)
среда раствора кислая pH<7
а) при добавлении щёлочи гидролиз усиливается (но вторая ступень гидролиза всё равно заметно протекает только в сильнощелочной среде)
Pb(NO3)2 + KOH [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + KNO3
Pb2+ + OH- [$8660$] PbOH+
Pb(OH)NO3 + KOH [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + KNO3
PbOH+ + OH- [$8660$] Pb(OH)2
б) добавление кислоты сводит гидролиз на нет.
Зато с помощью соляной кислоты возможно добиться выпадения в осадок малорастворимого хлорида свинца
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl [$8658$] PbCl2[$8595$] + 2HNO3
Pb2+ + 2Cl- [$8658$] PbCl2[$8595$]
в) нитрит натрия гидролизуется по аниону. Добавление этой соли усиливает гидролиз (но в заметной мере он происходит только по первой ступени)
Pb(NO3)2 + NaNO2 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + HNO2 + NaNO3
Pb2+ + NO2- + H2O [$8660$] PbOH+ + HNO2
Pb(NO3)2 [$8594$] Pb2+ + 2NO3-
Соль частично гидролизуется по катиону, в основном протекает первая ступень гидролиза:
Pb(NO3)2 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + HNO3
Pb2+ + H2O [$8660$] PbOH+ + H+ (pKa=6.48)
Гидролиз по второй ступени практически не происходит
Pb(OH)NO3 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + HNO3
PbOH+ + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + H+ (pKa=10.98)
среда раствора кислая pH<7
а) при добавлении щёлочи гидролиз усиливается (но вторая ступень гидролиза всё равно заметно протекает только в сильнощелочной среде)
Pb(NO3)2 + KOH [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + KNO3
Pb2+ + OH- [$8660$] PbOH+
Pb(OH)NO3 + KOH [$8660$] Pb(OH)2 + KNO3
PbOH+ + OH- [$8660$] Pb(OH)2
б) добавление кислоты сводит гидролиз на нет.
Зато с помощью соляной кислоты возможно добиться выпадения в осадок малорастворимого хлорида свинца
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl [$8658$] PbCl2[$8595$] + 2HNO3
Pb2+ + 2Cl- [$8658$] PbCl2[$8595$]
в) нитрит натрия гидролизуется по аниону. Добавление этой соли усиливает гидролиз (но в заметной мере он происходит только по первой ступени)
Pb(NO3)2 + NaNO2 + H2O [$8660$] Pb(OH)NO3 + HNO2 + NaNO3
Pb2+ + NO2- + H2O [$8660$] PbOH+ + HNO2
5
Спасибо!
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