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Консультация № 146339
07.10.2008, 15:56
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Найти изменение энтропии при плавлении 2 кг свинца и дальнейшем его охлаждении от 327 до 0°С.
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
08.10.2008, 17:35
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это ответ
Здравствуйте, Жаскенов Данияр Джамбулатович!
Приращение энтропии ΔS есть интеграл от dS=dQ/T:
ΔS=ИНТЕГРАЛ(dQ/T) (1)
где dQ - получаемая системой в ходе процесса теплота, Т - температура
1) В случае плавления
dQ=λ*m (2)
где m=2 кг, λ - удельная теплота плавления, для свинца λ=22,6 кДж/К
Процесс плавления происходит при постоянной температуре плавления Тпл=327 К, и подставляя (2) в (1), затем интегрируя, получаем:
ΔS=λ*m/Тпл=22,6*103*2/327=138,2 Дж/К
2) В случае охлаждения
dQ=c*m*dT (3)
где с - удельная теплоемкость, для свинца с=126 Дж/(кг*К)
Подставляя (3) в (1) и интегрируя в пределах от T1=600 K до T2=273 К получаем:
ΔS=с*m*ln(273/600)=126*2*ln(273/600)=-198,43 Дж/К
Примечание. Странно, что вещество плавят, а затем охлаждают... Скорее всего, речь шла о кристаллизации и дальнейшем охлаждении, тогда в энтропии при кристаллизации нужно поставить занк минус: ΔS=-138,2 Дж/К
Приращение энтропии ΔS есть интеграл от dS=dQ/T:
ΔS=ИНТЕГРАЛ(dQ/T) (1)
где dQ - получаемая системой в ходе процесса теплота, Т - температура
1) В случае плавления
dQ=λ*m (2)
где m=2 кг, λ - удельная теплота плавления, для свинца λ=22,6 кДж/К
Процесс плавления происходит при постоянной температуре плавления Тпл=327 К, и подставляя (2) в (1), затем интегрируя, получаем:
ΔS=λ*m/Тпл=22,6*103*2/327=138,2 Дж/К
2) В случае охлаждения
dQ=c*m*dT (3)
где с - удельная теплоемкость, для свинца с=126 Дж/(кг*К)
Подставляя (3) в (1) и интегрируя в пределах от T1=600 K до T2=273 К получаем:
ΔS=с*m*ln(273/600)=126*2*ln(273/600)=-198,43 Дж/К
Примечание. Странно, что вещество плавят, а затем охлаждают... Скорее всего, речь шла о кристаллизации и дальнейшем охлаждении, тогда в энтропии при кристаллизации нужно поставить занк минус: ΔS=-138,2 Дж/К
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