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Консультация № 136563
12.05.2008, 22:20
0.00 руб.
09.03.2010, 08:26
0
1
1
Здравствуйте уважаемые эксперты! Помогите пожалуиста решить задачку!
По небольшому куску мягкого железа, лежащего на наковальне массой m1=300 кг, ударяет молот массой m2=8 кг. Определить КПД удара, если удар неупругий. Полезной считать энергию, затраченую на деформацию куска железа. [size=3]Не удалять! Ник отпадный[/size]
По небольшому куску мягкого железа, лежащего на наковальне массой m1=300 кг, ударяет молот массой m2=8 кг. Определить КПД удара, если удар неупругий. Полезной считать энергию, затраченую на деформацию куска железа. [size=3]Не удалять! Ник отпадный[/size]
Обсуждение
Неизвестный
17.05.2008, 09:54
общий
это ответ
Здравствуйте, Курнакова Дуня Семеновна!
Энергия, затрачиваемая на деформацию куска железа, равна разности кинетической энергии молота до соудараения и кинетической энергии молота и наковальни после удара; КПД же η равен отношению полезной работы к затрачиваемой энергии, т.е. данной разнсоти к энергии молота до удара:
η=W<sub>1</sub>-W<sub>2</sub>/W<sub>1</sub> (1)
Кинетическая энергия W<sub>1</sub> молота до удара равна:
W<sub>1</sub>=m<sub>2</sub>*V<sup>2</sup>/2 (2)
где m<sub>2</sub>=8 кг - масса молота, V - его скорость до удара
Кинетическая энергия W<sub>2</sub> молота и наковальни после удара равна:
W<sub>2</sub>=(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)*U<sup>2</sup>/2 (3)
где m<sub>1</sub>=300 кг - масса наковальни, U - общая скорость молота и наковальни после удара, которуюнайдем из закона сохранения импульса:
m<sub>2</sub>*V=(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)*U ->
U=m<sub>2</sub>*V/(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>) (4)
Подставляя (4) в (3) получаем:
W<sub>2</sub>=m<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>*V<sup>2</sup>/(2*(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)) (5)
Наконец, подставляя (2) и (5) в (1) и производя преобразоваания получаем:
η=m<sub>1</sub>/(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)=300/(300+8)=0,97 - впроцентах 97%
Энергия, затрачиваемая на деформацию куска железа, равна разности кинетической энергии молота до соудараения и кинетической энергии молота и наковальни после удара; КПД же η равен отношению полезной работы к затрачиваемой энергии, т.е. данной разнсоти к энергии молота до удара:
η=W<sub>1</sub>-W<sub>2</sub>/W<sub>1</sub> (1)
Кинетическая энергия W<sub>1</sub> молота до удара равна:
W<sub>1</sub>=m<sub>2</sub>*V<sup>2</sup>/2 (2)
где m<sub>2</sub>=8 кг - масса молота, V - его скорость до удара
Кинетическая энергия W<sub>2</sub> молота и наковальни после удара равна:
W<sub>2</sub>=(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)*U<sup>2</sup>/2 (3)
где m<sub>1</sub>=300 кг - масса наковальни, U - общая скорость молота и наковальни после удара, которуюнайдем из закона сохранения импульса:
m<sub>2</sub>*V=(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)*U ->
U=m<sub>2</sub>*V/(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>) (4)
Подставляя (4) в (3) получаем:
W<sub>2</sub>=m<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>*V<sup>2</sup>/(2*(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)) (5)
Наконец, подставляя (2) и (5) в (1) и производя преобразоваания получаем:
η=m<sub>1</sub>/(m<sub>1</sub>+m<sub>2</sub>)=300/(300+8)=0,97 - впроцентах 97%
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